diff --git a/process/backup-eressea b/process/backup-eressea
index 4e5f69002..0f81cf53e 100755
--- a/process/backup-eressea
+++ b/process/backup-eressea
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ fi
 tar cjf backup/$TURN.tar.bz2 $files
 echo "uploading game-$GAME/$TURN.tar.bz2"
 curl -s -n -T backup/$TURN.tar.bz2 https://dav.box.com/dav/Eressea/game-$GAME/$TURN.tar.bz2
-curl -s -n -T eressea.db https://dav.box.com/dav/Eressea/eressea.db
+#curl -s -n -T eressea.db https://dav.box.com/dav/Eressea/eressea.db
diff --git a/src/alchemy.test.c b/src/alchemy.test.c
index 32e0c84a5..e7d9206c4 100644
--- a/src/alchemy.test.c
+++ b/src/alchemy.test.c
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ static void test_herbsearch(CuTest * tc)
     const item_type *itype;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     rc = rc_get_or_create("dragon");
     rc->flags |= RCF_UNARMEDGUARD;
diff --git a/src/automate.c b/src/automate.c
index c2b07fbd0..200541241 100644
--- a/src/automate.c
+++ b/src/automate.c
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ int autostudy_init(scholar scholars[], int max_scholars, region *r)
     int nscholars = 0;
 
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
-        keyword_t kwd = getkeyword(u->thisorder);
+        keyword_t kwd = init_order(u->thisorder, u->faction->locale);
         if (kwd == K_AUTOSTUDY) {
             if (long_order_allowed(u)) {
-                if (unit_can_study(u)) {
-                    scholar * st = scholars + nscholars;
-                    init_order(u->thisorder, u->faction->locale);
-                    st->sk = getskill(u->faction->locale);
+                scholar * st = scholars + nscholars;
+                skill_t sk = getskill(u->faction->locale);
+                if (check_student(u, u->thisorder, sk)) {
+                    st->sk = sk;
                     st->level = effskill_study(u, st->sk);
                     st->learn = 0;
                     st->u = u;
@@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ int autostudy_init(scholar scholars[], int max_scholars, region *r)
                         log_fatal("you must increase MAXSCHOLARS");
                     }
                 }
-                else {
-                    ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, u->thisorder, "error_race_nolearn", "race",
-                        u_race(u)));
-                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/automate.test.c b/src/automate.test.c
index a77376668..6c87b8656 100644
--- a/src/automate.test.c
+++ b/src/automate.test.c
@@ -9,17 +9,22 @@
 #include "kernel/region.h"
 #include "kernel/unit.h"
 
+#include "util/message.h"
+
 #include "tests.h"
 
 #include <CuTest.h>
 
 static void test_autostudy_init(CuTest *tc) {
     scholar scholars[4];
-    unit *u1, *u2, *u3;
+    unit *u1, *u2, *u3, *u4;
     faction *f;
     region *r;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(77);
+    mt_create_error(771);
+
     r = test_create_plain(0, 0);
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     u1 = test_create_unit(f, r);
@@ -30,8 +35,11 @@ static void test_autostudy_init(CuTest *tc) {
     set_level(u2, SK_ENTERTAINMENT, 2);
     u3 = test_create_unit(f, r);
     u3->thisorder = create_order(K_AUTOSTUDY, f->locale, skillnames[SK_PERCEPTION]);
+    u4 = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), r);
+    u4->thisorder = create_order(K_AUTOSTUDY, f->locale, "Dudelidu");
     scholars[3].u = NULL;
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 3, autostudy_init(scholars, 4, r));
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(u4->faction->msgs, "error77"));
     CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, scholars[0].u);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 2, scholars[0].level);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, scholars[0].learn);
diff --git a/src/bind_eressea.c b/src/bind_eressea.c
index 4d3918899..f76d0a903 100755
--- a/src/bind_eressea.c
+++ b/src/bind_eressea.c
@@ -36,12 +36,16 @@ int eressea_write_game(const char * filename) {
 
 int eressea_read_orders(const char * filename) {
     FILE * F = fopen(filename, "r");
+    int result;
+
     if (!F) {
         perror(filename);
         return -1;
     }
     log_info("reading orders from %s", filename);
-    return parseorders(F);
+    result = parseorders(F);
+    fclose(F);
+    return result;
 }
 
 int eressea_export_json(const char * filename, int flags) {
diff --git a/src/economy.test.c b/src/economy.test.c
index 5425ca56f..236c181c5 100644
--- a/src/economy.test.c
+++ b/src/economy.test.c
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ static struct unit *create_recruiter(void) {
 
 static void setup_production(void) {
     init_resources();
+    mt_create_feedback("error_cannotmake");
     mt_create_va(mt_new("produce", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "amount:int", "wanted:int", "resource:resource", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("income", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "amount:int", "wanted:int", "mode:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("buy", NULL), "unit:unit", "money:int", MT_NEW_END);
@@ -738,6 +739,7 @@ static void test_loot(CuTest *tc) {
 
     test_setup();
     setup_production();
+    mt_create_error(48); /* unit is unarmed */
     it_silver = test_create_silver();
     config_set("rules.enable_loot", "1");
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
@@ -747,7 +749,7 @@ static void test_loot(CuTest *tc) {
     test_clear_messages(f);
     arm_unit(u);
     produce(u->region);
-    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(f->msgs, "income")); /* unit is unarmed */
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(f->msgs, "income"));
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 2 * TAXFRACTION, i_get(u->items, it_silver));
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, UFL_LONGACTION | UFL_NOTMOVING, fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION | UFL_NOTMOVING));
     test_teardown();
diff --git a/src/give.test.c b/src/give.test.c
index 2828456ae..f3164470c 100644
--- a/src/give.test.c
+++ b/src/give.test.c
@@ -65,11 +65,14 @@ static void setup_give(struct give *env) {
     mt_create_va(mt_new("give", NULL), "unit:unit", "target:unit", "resource:resource", "amount:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("give_peasants", NULL), "unit:unit", "resource:resource", "amount:int", MT_NEW_END);
     /* error messages: */
+    mt_create_error(129);
+    mt_create_error(96);
+    mt_create_error(10);
+    mt_create_feedback("feedback_give_forbidden");
+    mt_create_feedback("peasants_give_invalid");
     mt_create_va(mt_new("too_many_units_in_faction", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "allowed:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("too_many_units_in_alliance", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "allowed:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("feedback_no_contact", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "target:unit", MT_NEW_END);
-    mt_create_va(mt_new("feedback_give_forbidden", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", MT_NEW_END);
-    mt_create_va(mt_new("peasants_give_invalid", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("giverestriction", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "turns:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("error_unit_size", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "maxsize:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("nogive_reserved", NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "resource:resource", "reservation:int", MT_NEW_END);
@@ -159,11 +162,12 @@ static void test_give_men_magicians(CuTest * tc) {
     message * msg;
 
     test_setup_ex(tc);
+    mt_create_error(158);
     env.f2 = env.f1 = test_create_faction(NULL);
     setup_give(&env);
     set_level(env.src, SK_MAGIC, 1);
     CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, msg = give_men(1, env.src, env.dst, NULL));
-    CuAssertStrEquals(tc, "error158", (const char *)msg->parameters[3].v);
+    CuAssertStrEquals(tc, "error158", test_get_messagetype(msg));
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 1, env.dst->number);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 1, env.src->number);
     msg_release(msg);
diff --git a/src/items/xerewards.test.c b/src/items/xerewards.test.c
index 8e30d88eb..dc9aa2621 100644
--- a/src/items/xerewards.test.c
+++ b/src/items/xerewards.test.c
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ static void test_manacrystal(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
 
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_plain(0, 0));
     itype = test_create_itemtype("manacrystal");
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ static void test_skillpotion(CuTest *tc) {
     int initialWeeks_Magic = 0;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_plain(0, 0));
     itype = test_create_itemtype("skillpotion");
     change_resource(u, itype->rtype, 2);
diff --git a/src/kernel/build.c b/src/kernel/build.c
index 2b7251f1d..0c1bd71de 100644
--- a/src/kernel/build.c
+++ b/src/kernel/build.c
@@ -500,6 +500,28 @@ static int count_materials(unit *u, const construction *type, int n, int complet
     return n;
 }
 
+int build_skill(unit *u, int basesk, int skill_mod) {
+    int effsk, skills;
+    int dm = get_effect(u, oldpotiontype[P_DOMORE]);
+
+    effsk = basesk + skill_mod;
+    assert(effsk >= 0);
+
+    skills = effsk * u->number;
+
+    /* technically, nimblefinge and domore should be in a global set of
+     * "game"-attributes, (as at_skillmod) but for a while, we're leaving
+     * them in here. */
+
+    if (dm != 0) {
+        /* Auswirkung Schaffenstrunk */
+        if (dm > u->number) dm = u->number;
+        change_effect(u, oldpotiontype[P_DOMORE], -dm);
+        skills += dm * effsk;
+    }
+    return skills;
+}
+
 /** Use up resources for building an object.
 * Build up to 'size' points of 'type', where 'completed'
 * of the first object have already been finished. return the
@@ -521,28 +543,11 @@ int build(unit * u, const construction * ctype, int completed, int want, int ski
         return ECOMPLETE;
     }
     if (con->skill != NOSKILL) {
-        int effsk;
-        int dm = get_effect(u, oldpotiontype[P_DOMORE]);
-
         basesk = effskill(u, con->skill, 0);
         if (basesk == 0)
             return ENEEDSKILL;
 
-        effsk = basesk + skill_mod;
-        assert(effsk >= 0);
-
-        skills = effsk * u->number;
-
-        /* technically, nimblefinge and domore should be in a global set of
-         * "game"-attributes, (as at_skillmod) but for a while, we're leaving
-         * them in here. */
-
-        if (dm != 0) {
-            /* Auswirkung Schaffenstrunk */
-            if (dm > u->number) dm = u->number;
-            change_effect(u, oldpotiontype[P_DOMORE], -dm);
-            skills += dm * effsk;
-        }
+        skills = build_skill(u, basesk, skill_mod);
     }
     for (; want > 0 && skills > 0;) {
         int err, n;
diff --git a/src/kernel/build.test.c b/src/kernel/build.test.c
index ae3e47d0d..ea3e2aeb5 100644
--- a/src/kernel/build.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/build.test.c
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ typedef struct build_fixture {
 
 static unit * setup_build(build_fixture *bf) {
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     init_resources();
 
     test_create_itemtype("stone");
@@ -312,7 +311,6 @@ static void test_build_destroy_road_guard(CuTest *tc)
     order *ord;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     test_create_region(1, 0, 0);
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     rsetroad(r, D_EAST, 100);
@@ -345,7 +343,6 @@ static void test_build_destroy_road_limit(CuTest *tc)
     order *ord;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     test_create_region(1, 0, 0);
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     rsetroad(r, D_EAST, 100);
@@ -370,6 +367,7 @@ static void test_build_destroy_cmd(CuTest *tc) {
     faction *f;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(138);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->thisorder = create_order(K_DESTROY, f->locale, NULL);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 138, destroy_cmd(u, u->thisorder));
diff --git a/src/kernel/curse.test.c b/src/kernel/curse.test.c
index da0806914..886e25ee4 100644
--- a/src/kernel/curse.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/curse.test.c
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ typedef struct {
 
 static void setup_curse(curse_fixture *fix, const char *name) {
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     fix->r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     fix->u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), fix->r);
     fix->c = create_curse(fix->u, &fix->r->attribs, ct_find(name), 1.0, 1, 1.0, 0);
diff --git a/src/kernel/db/sqlite.c b/src/kernel/db/sqlite.c
index 6aff52cf1..29638d900 100644
--- a/src/kernel/db/sqlite.c
+++ b/src/kernel/db/sqlite.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <sqlite3.h>
 
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -226,7 +227,11 @@ void db_driver_close(database_t db)
             FILE * F = fopen(g_swapname, "r");
             if (F) {
                 fclose(F);
-                remove(g_swapname);
+                if (0 != remove(g_swapname)) {
+                    log_error("could not remove %s: %s", g_swapname,
+                            strerror(errno));
+                    errno = 0;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/kernel/messages.c b/src/kernel/messages.c
index e0513b00d..48ea13f1f 100644
--- a/src/kernel/messages.c
+++ b/src/kernel/messages.c
@@ -67,6 +67,46 @@ variant v)
     }
 }
 
+static int missing_message_mode;
+
+void message_handle_missing(int mode) {
+    missing_message_mode = mode;
+}
+
+static message *missing_feedback(const char *name, const struct unit *u,
+    const struct region *r, struct order *ord)
+{
+    if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_ERROR) {
+        log_error("trying to create undefined feedback of type \"%s\"\n", name);
+    }
+    else if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE) {
+        if (strcmp(name, "missing_feedback") != 0) {
+            if (!mt_find("missing_feedback")) {
+                mt_create_va(mt_new("missing_feedback", NULL), "unit:unit",
+                    "region:region", "command:order", "name:string", MT_NEW_END);
+            }
+            return msg_message("missing_feedback", "unit region command name", u, r, ord, name);
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static message *missing_message(const char *name) {
+    if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_ERROR) {
+        log_error("trying to create undefined message of type \"%s\"\n", name);
+    }
+    else if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE) {
+        log_warning("trying to create undefined message of type \"%s\"\n", name);
+        if (strcmp(name, "missing_message") != 0) {
+            if (!mt_find("missing_message")) {
+                mt_create_va(mt_new("missing_message", NULL), "name:string", MT_NEW_END);
+            }
+            return msg_message("missing_message", "name", name);
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 struct message *msg_feedback(const struct unit *u, struct order *ord,
     const char *name, const char *sig, ...)
 {
@@ -80,13 +120,7 @@ struct message *msg_feedback(const struct unit *u, struct order *ord,
     }
 
     if (!mtype) {
-        log_warning("trying to create message of unknown type \"%s\"\n", name);
-        if (!mt_find("missing_feedback")) {
-            mt_create_va(mt_new("missing_feedback", NULL), "unit:unit", 
-                "region:region", "command:order", "name:string", MT_NEW_END);
-        }
-        return msg_message("missing_feedback", "name unit region command",
-            name, u, u->region, ord);
+        return missing_feedback(name, u, u->region, ord);
     }
 
     var.v = (void *)u;
@@ -139,28 +173,6 @@ struct message *msg_feedback(const struct unit *u, struct order *ord,
     return msg_create(mtype, args);
 }
 
-static int missing_message_mode;
-
-void message_handle_missing(int mode) {
-    missing_message_mode = mode;
-}
-
-static message *missing_message(const char *name) {
-    if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_ERROR) {
-        log_error("trying to create undefined message of type \"%s\"\n", name);
-    }
-    else if (missing_message_mode == MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE) {
-        log_warning("trying to create undefined message of type \"%s\"\n", name);
-        if (strcmp(name, "missing_message") != 0) {
-            if (!mt_find("missing_message")) {
-                mt_create_va(mt_new("missing_message", NULL), "name:string", MT_NEW_END);
-            }
-            return msg_message("missing_message", "name", name);
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 message *msg_message(const char *name, const char *sig, ...)
 /* msg_message("oops_error", "unit region command", u, r, cmd) */
 {
diff --git a/src/kernel/messages.test.c b/src/kernel/messages.test.c
index e852bbc61..c186973fa 100644
--- a/src/kernel/messages.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/messages.test.c
@@ -18,6 +18,21 @@ void test_missing_message(CuTest *tc) {
     CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, msg);
     CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, msg->type);
     CuAssertStrEquals(tc, msg->type->name, "missing_message");
+    CuAssertStrEquals(tc, "unknown", (const char *)msg->parameters[0].v);
+    msg_release(msg);
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
+void test_missing_feedback(CuTest *tc) {
+    message *msg;
+
+    test_setup();
+    message_handle_missing(MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE);
+    msg = msg_error(NULL, NULL, 77);
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, msg);
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, msg->type);
+    CuAssertStrEquals(tc, msg->type->name, "missing_feedback");
+    CuAssertStrEquals(tc, "error77", (const char *)msg->parameters[3].v);
     msg_release(msg);
     test_teardown();
 }
diff --git a/src/kernel/order.c b/src/kernel/order.c
index 818c77a72..493922faa 100644
--- a/src/kernel/order.c
+++ b/src/kernel/order.c
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ order *parse_order(const char *s, const struct locale * lang)
                 sptr = sp;
                 p = parse_token(&sp, token, sizeof(token));
                 sk = get_skill(p, lang);
-                if (!expensive_skill(sk)) {
+                if (sk == NOSKILL || !expensive_skill(sk)) {
                     kwd = K_AUTOSTUDY;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/kernel/spell.test.c b/src/kernel/spell.test.c
index d7dfbad7e..027a57079 100644
--- a/src/kernel/spell.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/spell.test.c
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ static void test_create_duplicate_spell(CuTest * tc)
     strlist *sl = 0;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     test_log_stderr(0); /* suppress the "duplicate spell" error message */
     log = test_log_start(LOG_CPERROR, &sl);
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/unit.c b/src/kernel/unit.c
index b5346e04d..b1da047bd 100644
--- a/src/kernel/unit.c
+++ b/src/kernel/unit.c
@@ -1801,10 +1801,6 @@ bool unit_name_equals_race(const unit *u) {
     return false;
 }
 
-bool unit_can_study(const unit *u) {
-    return !((u_race(u)->flags & RCF_NOLEARN) || fval(u, UFL_WERE));
-}
-
 static int read_newunitid(const faction * f, const region * r)
 {
     int n;
diff --git a/src/kernel/unit.h b/src/kernel/unit.h
index a0f2f5a4c..86c2e2e61 100644
--- a/src/kernel/unit.h
+++ b/src/kernel/unit.h
@@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ extern "C" {
     const char *unitname(const struct unit *u);
     char *write_unitname(const struct unit *u, char *buffer, size_t size);
     bool unit_name_equals_race(const struct unit *u);
-    bool unit_can_study(const struct unit *u);
 
     /* getunit results: */
 #define GET_UNIT 0
diff --git a/src/laws.test.c b/src/laws.test.c
index 7531b11f8..5a4f85b85 100644
--- a/src/laws.test.c
+++ b/src/laws.test.c
@@ -140,7 +140,6 @@ static void test_enter_ship(CuTest * tc)
     race * rc;
 
     test_setup();
-
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     rc = test_create_race("smurf");
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(rc), r);
@@ -475,6 +474,10 @@ static void test_limit_new_units(CuTest * tc)
     alliance *al;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_va(mt_new("too_many_units_in_faction", NULL), "unit:unit",
+        "region:region", "command:order", "allowed:int", MT_NEW_END);
+    mt_create_va(mt_new("too_many_units_in_alliance", NULL), "unit:unit",
+        "region:region", "command:order", "allowed:int", MT_NEW_END);
     al = makealliance(1, "Hodor");
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     u = test_create_unit(f, test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
@@ -890,6 +893,9 @@ static unit * setup_name_cmd(void) {
     faction *f;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(84);
+    mt_create_error(148);
+    mt_create_error(12);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("renamed_building_seen", NULL), "renamer:unit", "region:region", "building:building", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("renamed_building_notseen", NULL), "region:region", "building:building", MT_NEW_END);
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -1088,6 +1094,7 @@ static void test_long_order_multi_long(CuTest *tc) {
     /* TODO: write more tests */
     unit *u;
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(52);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_MOVE, u->faction->locale, NULL));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_DESTROY, u->faction->locale, NULL));
@@ -1102,6 +1109,7 @@ static void test_long_order_multi_buy(CuTest *tc) {
     /* TODO: write more tests */
     unit *u;
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(52);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_BUY, u->faction->locale, 0));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_BUY, u->faction->locale, 0));
@@ -1131,6 +1139,7 @@ static void test_long_order_buy_cast(CuTest *tc) {
     /* TODO: write more tests */
     unit *u;
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(52);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_BUY, u->faction->locale, 0));
     unit_addorder(u, create_order(K_CAST, u->faction->locale, 0));
@@ -1163,6 +1172,7 @@ static void test_ally_cmd_errors(CuTest *tc) {
     order *ord;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(66);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     fid = u->faction->no + 1;
     CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, findfaction(fid));
@@ -1314,6 +1324,8 @@ static unit * setup_mail_cmd(void) {
     faction *f;
     
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(66);
+    mt_create_error(30);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("regionmessage", NULL), "region:region", "sender:unit", "string:string", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("unitmessage", NULL), "region:region", "sender:unit", "string:string", "unit:unit", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("mail_result", NULL), "message:string", "unit:unit", MT_NEW_END);
@@ -1433,6 +1445,8 @@ static void test_show_without_item(CuTest *tc)
     struct locale *loc;
 
     test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(21);
+    mt_create_error(36);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("displayitem", NULL), "weight:int", "item:resource", "description:string", MT_NEW_END);
 
     loc = get_or_create_locale("de");
@@ -1477,7 +1491,6 @@ static void test_show_race(CuTest *tc) {
     message * msg;
 
     test_setup();
-
     mt_create_va(mt_new("msg_event", NULL), "string:string", MT_NEW_END);
     test_create_race("human");
     rc = test_create_race("elf");
@@ -1493,8 +1506,8 @@ static void test_show_race(CuTest *tc) {
 
     ord = create_order(K_RESHOW, loc, "Mensch");
     reshow_cmd(u, ord);
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, test_find_messagetype(u->faction->msgs, "error21") != NULL);
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, test_find_messagetype(u->faction->msgs, "msg_event") == NULL);
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(u->faction->msgs, "error21"));
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, test_find_messagetype(u->faction->msgs, "msg_event"));
     test_clear_messages(u->faction);
     free_order(ord);
 
diff --git a/src/monsters.c b/src/monsters.c
index 9f17db54d..0d383ac05 100644
--- a/src/monsters.c
+++ b/src/monsters.c
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ static order *monster_learn(unit * u)
     const struct locale *lang = u->faction->locale;
 
     /* can these monsters even study? */
-    if (!unit_can_study(u)) {
+    if (!check_student(u, NULL, SK_PERCEPTION)) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -832,8 +832,7 @@ void plan_monsters(faction * f)
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            if (long_order == NULL && unit_can_study(u)) {
+            if (long_order == NULL && check_student(u, NULL, SK_WEAPONLESS)) {
                 /* Einheiten, die Waffenlosen Kampf lernen k�nnten, lernen es um
                 * zu bewachen: */
                 if (rc->bonus[SK_WEAPONLESS] != -99) {
diff --git a/src/piracy.test.c b/src/piracy.test.c
index 7aa57bc2d..74e79103d 100644
--- a/src/piracy.test.c
+++ b/src/piracy.test.c
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ static void setup_piracy(void) {
     st_boat = test_create_shiptype("boat");
     st_boat->cargo = 1000;
 
+    mt_create_error(144);
+    mt_create_error(146);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("piratenovictim", NULL),
         "ship:ship", "unit:unit", "region:region", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("piratesawvictim", NULL),
diff --git a/src/renumber.test.c b/src/renumber.test.c
index 8d44b92da..e5f9c5c33 100644
--- a/src/renumber.test.c
+++ b/src/renumber.test.c
@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <CuTest.h>
 
+static void setup_renumber(CuTest *tc) {
+    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    mt_create_error(114);
+    mt_create_error(115);
+    mt_create_error(116);
+}
+
 static void test_renumber_faction(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     no = u->faction->no;
     uno = (no > 1) ? no - 1 : no + 1;
@@ -38,7 +45,7 @@ static void test_renumber_faction_duplicate(CuTest *tc) {
     int no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("renumber_inuse", NULL), "id:int", MT_NEW_END);
     f2 = test_create_faction(NULL);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@ static void test_renumber_faction_invalid(CuTest *tc) {
     int no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(0), test_create_region(0, 0, 0));
     no = f->no;
     lang = f->locale;
@@ -88,7 +95,7 @@ static void test_renumber_building(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->building = test_create_building(u->region, NULL);
     no = u->building->no;
@@ -106,7 +113,7 @@ static void test_renumber_building_duplicate(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->building = test_create_building(u->region, NULL);
     uno = u->building->no;
@@ -125,7 +132,7 @@ static void test_renumber_ship(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->ship = test_create_ship(u->region, NULL);
     no = u->ship->no;
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ static void test_renumber_ship_twice(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->ship = test_create_ship(u->region, NULL);
     no = u->ship->no;
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@ static void test_renumber_ship_duplicate(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->ship = test_create_ship(u->region, NULL);
     uno = u->ship->no;
@@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ static void test_renumber_unit(CuTest *tc) {
     int uno, no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     no = u->no;
     uno = (no > 1) ? no - 1 : no + 1;
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ static void test_renumber_unit_duplicate(CuTest *tc) {
     int no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     no = u->no;
     u2 = test_create_unit(f, u->region);
@@ -220,7 +227,7 @@ static void test_renumber_unit_limit(CuTest *tc) {
     int no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     no = u->no;
     lang = f->locale;
@@ -238,7 +245,7 @@ static void test_renumber_unit_invalid(CuTest *tc) {
     int no;
     const struct locale *lang;
 
-    test_setup_ex(tc);
+    setup_renumber(tc);
     u = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     no = u->no;
     lang = f->locale;
diff --git a/src/report.c b/src/report.c
index a897f29ad..3e896a934 100644
--- a/src/report.c
+++ b/src/report.c
@@ -902,6 +902,7 @@ void report_region(struct stream *out, const region * r, faction * f)
     assert(f);
     assert(r);
 
+    memset(edges, 0, sizeof(edges));
     for (d = 0; d != MAXDIRECTIONS; d++) {
         /* Nachbarregionen, die gesehen werden, ermitteln */
         region *r2 = rconnect(r, d);
diff --git a/src/reports.test.c b/src/reports.test.c
index 8bcc457b9..247676451 100644
--- a/src/reports.test.c
+++ b/src/reports.test.c
@@ -789,7 +789,6 @@ static void test_insect_warnings(CuTest *tc) {
 
     test_setup();
     test_create_calendar();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     f = test_create_faction(test_create_race("insect"));
 
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, SEASON_AUTUMN, get_gamedate(1083, &gd)->season);
@@ -817,7 +816,6 @@ static void test_newbie_warning(CuTest *tc) {
     faction *f;
 
     test_setup();
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     config_set_int("NewbieImmunity", 3);
 
diff --git a/src/skill.c b/src/skill.c
index 3d91a2598..abeecca04 100644
--- a/src/skill.c
+++ b/src/skill.c
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ skill_t get_skill(const char *s, const struct locale * lang)
 int skill_cost(skill_t sk) {
     static int config;
     static int costs[MAXSKILLS];
-    int cost;
+    int cost = -1;
+
+    assert(sk >= 0 && sk < MAXSKILLS);
     switch (sk) {
     case SK_SPY:
         cost = 100;
@@ -148,5 +150,6 @@ int skill_cost(skill_t sk) {
 }
 
 bool expensive_skill(skill_t sk) {
+    assert(sk >= 0 && sk < MAXSKILLS);
     return (sk == SK_MAGIC) || skill_cost(sk) > 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/spells.test.c b/src/spells.test.c
index 5950fab16..6ee4a305c 100644
--- a/src/spells.test.c
+++ b/src/spells.test.c
@@ -27,10 +27,6 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
-static void setup_spells(void) {
-    test_inject_messagetypes();
-}
-
 static void test_good_dreams(CuTest *tc) {
     struct region *r;
     struct faction *f1, *f2;
@@ -40,7 +36,6 @@ static void test_good_dreams(CuTest *tc) {
     curse *curse;
     
     test_setup();
-    setup_spells();
     test_create_world();
     r = findregion(0, 0);
     f1 = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -70,7 +65,6 @@ static void test_dreams(CuTest *tc) {
     castorder co;
 
     test_setup();
-    setup_spells();
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     f1 = test_create_faction(NULL);
     f2 = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -98,7 +92,6 @@ static void test_bad_dreams(CuTest *tc) {
     curse *curse;
     
     test_setup();
-    setup_spells();
     test_create_world();
     r = findregion(0, 0);
     f1 = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -129,7 +122,6 @@ static void test_view_reality(CuTest *tc) {
     castorder co;
 
     test_setup();
-    setup_spells();
     mt_create_va(mt_new("spell_astral_only", NULL),
         "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("viewreality_effect", NULL),
@@ -165,7 +157,6 @@ static void test_watch_region(CuTest *tc) {
     region *r;
     faction *f;
     test_setup();
-    setup_spells();
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, -1, get_observer(r, f));
diff --git a/src/study.c b/src/study.c
index ff961dc13..5ac5ac7ff 100644
--- a/src/study.c
+++ b/src/study.c
@@ -524,6 +524,48 @@ static void msg_teachers(struct selist *teachers, struct unit *u, skill_t sk) {
     selist_foreach_ex(teachers, cb_msg_teach, &cbdata);
 }
 
+bool check_student(const struct unit *u, struct order *ord, skill_t sk) {
+    int err = 0;
+
+    if (sk < 0) {
+        err = 77;
+    }
+    /* Hack: Talente mit Malus -99 koennen nicht gelernt werden */
+    else if (u_race(u)->bonus[sk] == -99) {
+        err = 771;
+    }
+    else {
+        static int config;
+        static bool learn_newskills;
+
+        if (config_changed(&config)) {
+            learn_newskills = config_get_int("study.newskills", 1) != 0;
+        }
+        if (!learn_newskills) {
+            skill *sv = unit_skill(u, sk);
+            if (sv == NULL) {
+                /* we can only learn skills we already have */
+                err = 771;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (err) {
+        if (ord) {
+            cmistake(u, ord, err, MSG_EVENT);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((u_race(u)->flags & RCF_NOLEARN) || fval(u, UFL_WERE)) {
+        if (ord) {
+            ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs,
+                msg_feedback(u, ord, "error_race_nolearn", "race", u_race(u)));
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 int study_cmd(unit * u, order * ord)
 {
     region *r = u->region;
@@ -537,7 +579,6 @@ int study_cmd(unit * u, order * ord)
     skill_t sk;
     int maxalchemy = 0;
     int speed_rule = (study_rule_t)config_get_int("study.speedup", 0);
-    bool learn_newskills = config_get_int("study.newskills", 1) != 0;
     static const race *rc_snotling;
     static int rc_cache;
 
@@ -545,32 +586,12 @@ int study_cmd(unit * u, order * ord)
         rc_snotling = get_race(RC_SNOTLING);
     }
 
-    if (!unit_can_study(u)) {
-        ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord, "error_race_nolearn", "race",
-            u_race(u)));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     (void)init_order(ord, u->faction->locale);
     sk = getskill(u->faction->locale);
 
-    if (sk < 0) {
-        cmistake(u, ord, 77, MSG_EVENT);
+    if (!check_student(u, ord, sk)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    /* Hack: Talente mit Malus -99 koennen nicht gelernt werden */
-    if (u_race(u)->bonus[sk] == -99) {
-        cmistake(u, ord, 771, MSG_EVENT);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!learn_newskills) {
-        skill *sv = unit_skill(u, sk);
-        if (sv == NULL) {
-            /* we can only learn skills we already have */
-            cmistake(u, ord, 771, MSG_EVENT);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
 
     /* snotlings koennen Talente nur bis T8 lernen */
     if (u_race(u) == rc_snotling) {
diff --git a/src/study.h b/src/study.h
index 686677064..c1d44ed7b 100644
--- a/src/study.h
+++ b/src/study.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ extern "C" {
     skill_t getskill(const struct locale *lang);
     bool is_migrant(struct unit *u);
     int study_cost(struct unit *u, skill_t sk);
+    bool check_student(const struct unit *u, struct order *ord, skill_t sk);
 
     typedef void(*learn_fun)(struct unit *u, skill_t sk, int days);
 
diff --git a/src/study.test.c b/src/study.test.c
index 420608e5c..b2ac39172 100644
--- a/src/study.test.c
+++ b/src/study.test.c
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ typedef struct {
 } study_fixture;
 
 static void setup_study(void) {
+    test_setup();
+    mt_create_error(178);
+    mt_create_error(65);
+    mt_create_va(mt_new("teach_asgood", NULL),
+        "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "student:unit", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("studycost", NULL),
         "unit:unit", "region:region", "cost:int", "skill:int", MT_NEW_END);
     mt_create_va(mt_new("teach_teacher", NULL),
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ static void setup_teacher(study_fixture *fix, skill_t sk) {
     struct locale *lang;
 
     assert(fix);
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     config_set("study.random_progress", "0");
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -148,7 +153,7 @@ static void test_study_bug_2194(CuTest *tc) {
     struct locale * loc;
     building * b;
 
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     random_source_inject_constant(0.0);
     init_resources();
     loc = test_create_locale();
@@ -205,7 +210,7 @@ static void test_produceexp(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
 
     g_tc = tc;
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 2);
     config_set("study.produceexp", "20");
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@ static void test_academy_building(CuTest *tc) {
     building * b;
     message * msg;
 
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     mt_create_va(mt_new("teach_asgood", NULL),
         "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", "student:unit", MT_NEW_END);
 
@@ -271,7 +276,6 @@ static void test_academy_bonus(CuTest *tc) {
     struct locale * loc;
     building * b;
 
-    test_setup();
     setup_study();
 
     random_source_inject_constant(0.0);
@@ -328,7 +332,8 @@ static void test_academy_bonus(CuTest *tc) {
 void test_learn_skill_single(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
     skill *sv;
-    test_setup();
+
+    setup_study();
     config_set("study.random_progress", "0");
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     learn_skill(u, SK_ALCHEMY, STUDYDAYS);
@@ -347,7 +352,8 @@ void test_learn_skill_single(CuTest *tc) {
 void test_learn_skill_multi(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
     skill *sv;
-    test_setup();
+
+    setup_study();
     config_set("study.random_progress", "0");
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 10);
@@ -367,7 +373,8 @@ void test_learn_skill_multi(CuTest *tc) {
 static void test_demon_skillchanges(CuTest *tc) {
     unit * u;
     const race * rc;
-    test_setup();
+
+    setup_study();
     rc = test_create_race("demon");
     CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, (void *)rc, (void *)get_race(RC_DAEMON));
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(rc), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
@@ -380,7 +387,8 @@ static void test_demon_skillchanges(CuTest *tc) {
 
 static void test_study_cmd(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
-    test_setup();
+
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     u->thisorder = create_order(K_STUDY, u->faction->locale, "CROSSBOW");
@@ -399,7 +407,6 @@ static void test_study_magic(CuTest *tc) {
     const struct locale *lang;
     const struct item_type *itype;
 
-    test_setup();
     setup_study();
     init_resources();
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
@@ -432,7 +439,6 @@ static void test_study_magic(CuTest *tc) {
 static void test_study_cost_magic(CuTest *tc) {
     unit * u;
 
-    test_setup();
     setup_study();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
 
@@ -456,7 +462,6 @@ static void test_study_cost(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u;
     const struct item_type *itype;
 
-    test_setup();
     setup_study();
 
     itype = test_create_silver();
@@ -484,7 +489,6 @@ static void test_teach_magic(CuTest *tc) {
     faction *f;
     const struct item_type *itype;
 
-    test_setup();
     setup_study();
     init_resources();
     itype = get_resourcetype(R_SILVER)->itype;
@@ -510,7 +514,8 @@ static void test_teach_magic(CuTest *tc) {
 
 static void test_teach_cmd(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u, *ut;
-    test_setup();
+    
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 10);
@@ -530,7 +535,8 @@ static void test_teach_cmd(CuTest *tc) {
 
 static void test_teach_two(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u1, *u2, *ut;
-    test_setup();
+    
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u1 = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u1, 5);
@@ -560,7 +566,7 @@ static void test_teach_two_skills(CuTest *tc) {
     faction *f;
     region *r;
 
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
@@ -590,7 +596,8 @@ static void test_teach_two_skills(CuTest *tc) {
 
 static void test_teach_one_to_many(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u, *ut;
-    test_setup();
+
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 20);
@@ -611,7 +618,7 @@ static void test_teach_one_to_many(CuTest *tc) {
 static void test_teach_many_to_one(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u, *u1, *u2;
 
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 20);
@@ -638,11 +645,7 @@ static void test_teach_message(CuTest *tc) {
     attrib *a;
     teaching_info *teach;
 
-    test_setup();
-    mt_create_va(mt_new("teach_teacher", NULL),
-        "teacher:unit", "student:unit", "skill:int", "level:int", MT_NEW_END);
-    mt_create_va(mt_new("teach_student", NULL),
-        "teacher:unit", "student:unit", "skill:int", MT_NEW_END);
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(NULL), test_create_region(0, 0, NULL));
     scale_number(u, 20);
@@ -681,7 +684,7 @@ static void test_teach_many_to_many(CuTest *tc) {
     region *r;
     faction *f;
 
-    test_setup();
+    setup_study();
     init_resources();
     f = test_create_faction(NULL);
     r = test_create_region(0, 0, NULL);
diff --git a/src/tests.c b/src/tests.c
index 3a8c9e095..22c18ef9c 100644
--- a/src/tests.c
+++ b/src/tests.c
@@ -305,15 +305,10 @@ void test_create_calendar(void) {
     month_season[8] = SEASON_SUMMER;
 }
 
-void test_inject_messagetypes(void)
-{
-    message_handle_missing(MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE);
-}
-
 void test_setup_test(CuTest *tc, const char *file, int line) {
     test_log_stderr(LOG_CPERROR);
     test_reset();
-    message_handle_missing(MESSAGE_MISSING_ERROR);
+    message_handle_missing(MESSAGE_MISSING_REPLACE);
     if (tc) {
         log_debug("start test: %s", tc->name);
     }
@@ -325,6 +320,7 @@ void test_setup_test(CuTest *tc, const char *file, int line) {
 
 void test_teardown(void)
 {
+    message_handle_missing(MESSAGE_MISSING_IGNORE);
     test_reset();
     test_log_stderr(0);
 }
diff --git a/src/tests.h b/src/tests.h
index 0f3af1972..17da12d4e 100644
--- a/src/tests.h
+++ b/src/tests.h
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ extern "C" {
     void assert_string_parameter(struct CuTest * tc, struct message *msg, int index, const char *arg);
 
     void disabled_test(void *suite, void (*)(struct CuTest *), const char *name);
-    void test_inject_messagetypes(void);
 
 #define DISABLE_TEST(SUITE, TEST) disabled_test(SUITE, TEST, #TEST)
 
diff --git a/src/util/message.c b/src/util/message.c
index d8c66f5e0..47a8eb7af 100644
--- a/src/util/message.c
+++ b/src/util/message.c
@@ -192,6 +192,16 @@ message_type *mt_create_va(message_type *mtype, ...)
     return mt_create(mtype, args, i - 1);
 }
 
+message_type *mt_create_feedback(const char *name) {
+    return mt_create_va(mt_new(name, NULL), "unit:unit", "region:region", "command:order", MT_NEW_END);
+}
+
+message_type *mt_create_error(int error) {
+    char name[16];
+    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "error%d", error);
+    return mt_create_feedback(name);
+}
+
 static variant copy_arg(const arg_type * atype, variant data)
 {
     assert(atype != NULL);
diff --git a/src/util/message.h b/src/util/message.h
index 5aa16232b..52b087203 100644
--- a/src/util/message.h
+++ b/src/util/message.h
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ extern "C" {
     struct message_type *mt_new(const char *name, const char *section);
     /** message_type registry (optional): **/
     struct message_type *mt_create(struct message_type *, const char *args[], int nargs);
+    struct message_type *mt_create_feedback(const char *name);
+    struct message_type *mt_create_error(int error);
     struct message_type *mt_create_va(struct message_type *, ...);
     const struct message_type *mt_find(const char *);