diff --git a/src/automate.c b/src/automate.c
index 53ac074a7..4ab2e49d7 100644
--- a/src/automate.c
+++ b/src/automate.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ int autostudy_init(scholar scholars[], int max_scholars, unit **units, skill_t *
             if (kwd == K_AUTOSTUDY) {
                 if (f == u->faction) {
                     unext = u->next;
-                    if (long_order_allowed(u)) {
+                    if (long_order_allowed(u, false)) {
                         scholar * st = scholars + nscholars;
                         skill_t sk = getskill(u->faction->locale);
                         if (skill == NOSKILL && sk != NOSKILL) {
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ void do_autostudy(region *r)
         assert(batchsize <= MAXSCHOLARS);
     }
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
         if (!fval(u, UFL_MARK)) {
             unit *ulist = u;
             int sum_scholars = 0;
diff --git a/src/battle.c b/src/battle.c
index 974b2d0f5..e2379c0e7 100644
--- a/src/battle.c
+++ b/src/battle.c
@@ -3524,6 +3524,8 @@ static void join_allies(battle * b)
             faction *f = u->faction;
             fighter *c = NULL;
 
+            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
             for (s = b->sides; s != s_end; ++s) {
                 side *se;
                 /* Wenn alle attackierten noch FFL_NOAID haben, dann kaempfe nicht mit. */
@@ -3648,8 +3650,7 @@ static bool start_battle(region * r, battle ** bp)
     bool fighting = false;
 
     for (u = r->units; u != NULL; u = u->next) {
-        if (fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION))
-            continue;
+        if (!long_order_allowed(u, true)) continue;
         if (u->number > 0) {
             order *ord;
 
@@ -3683,10 +3684,6 @@ static bool start_battle(region * r, battle ** bp)
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    /* ist ein Fluechtling aus einem andern Kampf */
-                    if (fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION))
-                        continue;
-
                     if (curse_active(get_curse(r->attribs, &ct_peacezone))) {
                         ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord, "peace_active", ""));
                         continue;
@@ -3922,6 +3919,9 @@ void force_leave(region *r, battle *b) {
 
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
         unit *uo = NULL;
+
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
         if (u->building) {
             uo = building_owner(u->building);
         }
diff --git a/src/economy.c b/src/economy.c
index 6ed5eda1e..40624328b 100644
--- a/src/economy.c
+++ b/src/economy.c
@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ void economics(region * r)
 
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
         order *ord;
+
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
         if (u->number > 0) {
             order* transfer = NULL;
             for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
@@ -428,6 +431,8 @@ void destroy(region *r) {
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
         order *ord = u->thisorder;
         keyword_t kwd = getkeyword(ord);
+
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
         if (kwd == K_DESTROY) {
             if (destroy_cmd(u, ord) == 0) {
                 fset(u, UFL_LONGACTION | UFL_NOTMOVING);
@@ -2299,7 +2304,7 @@ void auto_work(region * r)
     long total = 0;
 
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
-        if (!(u->flags & UFL_LONGACTION) && !is_monsters(u->faction)) {
+        if (long_order_allowed(u, false) && !is_monsters(u->faction)) {
             int work = work_cmd(u, NULL, &nextrequest);
             if (work) {
                 total += work;
@@ -2403,12 +2408,7 @@ void produce(struct region *r)
         bool trader = false;
         keyword_t todo;
 
-        if (fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION))
-            continue;
-
-        if (u_race(u) == rc_insect && r_insectstalled(r) &&
-            !is_cursed(u->attribs, &ct_insectfur))
-            continue;
+        if (!long_order_allowed(u, false)) continue;
 
         if (fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION) && u->thisorder == NULL) {
             /* this message was already given in laws.c:update_long_order
@@ -2417,6 +2417,11 @@ void produce(struct region *r)
             continue;
         }
 
+        if (u_race(u) == rc_insect && r_insectstalled(r) &&
+            !is_cursed(u->attribs, &ct_insectfur)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
             keyword_t kwd = getkeyword(ord);
             if (kwd == K_BUY) {
diff --git a/src/guard.c b/src/guard.c
index 17ab8581e..bb1b59c51 100644
--- a/src/guard.c
+++ b/src/guard.c
@@ -84,25 +84,25 @@ static bool is_guardian_u(const unit * guard, unit * u)
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool is_guardian_r(const unit * guard)
+static bool is_guardian_r(const unit * u)
 {
-    if (guard->number == 0)
+    if (u->number == 0 || is_paused(u->faction))
         return false;
 
     /* if region_owners exist then they may be guardians: */
-    if (guard->building && rule_region_owners() && guard == building_owner(guard->building)) {
-        faction *owner = region_get_owner(guard->region);
-        if (owner == guard->faction) {
-            building *bowner = largestbuilding(guard->region, cmp_taxes, false);
-            if (bowner == guard->building) {
+    if (u->building && rule_region_owners() && u == building_owner(u->building)) {
+        faction *owner = region_get_owner(u->region);
+        if (owner == u->faction) {
+            building *bowner = largestbuilding(u->region, cmp_taxes, false);
+            if (bowner == u->building) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if ((guard->flags & UFL_GUARD) == 0)
+    if ((u->flags & UFL_GUARD) == 0)
         return false;
-    return fval(u_race(guard), RCF_UNARMEDGUARD) || is_monsters(guard->faction) || (armedmen(guard, true) > 0);
+    return fval(u_race(u), RCF_UNARMEDGUARD) || is_monsters(u->faction) || (armedmen(u, true) > 0);
 }
 
 bool is_guard(const struct unit * u)
diff --git a/src/guard.test.c b/src/guard.test.c
index 53c9652fe..6f81d405f 100644
--- a/src/guard.test.c
+++ b/src/guard.test.c
@@ -97,6 +97,12 @@ static void test_is_guard(CuTest * tc)
     set_level(ug, SK_MELEE, 1);
     CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 1, armedmen(ug, false));
     CuAssertTrue(tc, is_guard(ug));
+
+    ug->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !is_guard(ug));
+    i_change(&ug->items, itype, -1);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, armedmen(ug, false));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !is_guard(ug));
     test_teardown();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/alliance.c b/src/kernel/alliance.c
index f71df27bd..e840d0265 100644
--- a/src/kernel/alliance.c
+++ b/src/kernel/alliance.c
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ static void execute(keyword_t kwd)
         unit **up = &r->units;
         while (*up) {
             unit *u = *up;
-            if (u->number) {
+            if (u->number > 0 && !is_paused(u->faction)) {
                 const struct locale *lang = u->faction->locale;
                 order *ord;
                 for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
diff --git a/src/kernel/ally.c b/src/kernel/ally.c
index e63d85cd2..695d71738 100644
--- a/src/kernel/ally.c
+++ b/src/kernel/ally.c
@@ -312,6 +312,9 @@ alliedgroup(const struct faction *f,
         return 0;
     }
     status = ally_get(all, f2) & mask;
+    if (is_paused(f)) {
+        status &= HELP_GUARD;
+    }
     return alliance_status(f, f2, status);
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ int alliedunit(const unit * u, const faction * f2, int mask)
         return mask;
     }
     if (!faction_alive(f2)) {
-        return 0;
+        return mask;
     }
     if (u->faction != NULL && f2 != NULL) {
         group *g;
diff --git a/src/kernel/ally.test.c b/src/kernel/ally.test.c
index 05477d372..8eec67048 100644
--- a/src/kernel/ally.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/ally.test.c
@@ -66,12 +66,52 @@ static void test_allies_set(CuTest *tc) {
     test_teardown();
 }
 
+static void test_alliedfaction(CuTest *tc) {
+    struct faction *f1, *f2;
+
+    test_setup();
+    f1 = test_create_faction();
+    f2 = test_create_faction();
+
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, alliedfaction(f1, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    ally_set(&f1->allies, f2, HELP_GIVE);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_GIVE, alliedfaction(f1, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    ally_set(&f1->allies, f2, HELP_ALL);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_ALL, alliedfaction(f1, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    f1->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_GUARD, alliedfaction(f1, f2, HELP_ALL));
+
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
+static void test_alliedunit(CuTest *tc) {
+    struct faction *f2, *f1;
+    struct unit *u;
+
+    test_setup();
+    u = test_create_unit(f1 = test_create_faction(), test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    f2 = test_create_faction();
+
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, alliedunit(u, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    ally_set(&f1->allies, f2, HELP_GIVE);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_GIVE, alliedunit(u, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    ally_set(&f1->allies, f2, HELP_ALL);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_ALL, alliedunit(u, f2, HELP_ALL));
+    f1->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, HELP_GUARD, alliedunit(u, f2, HELP_ALL));
+
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
+
 CuSuite *get_ally_suite(void)
 {
     CuSuite *suite = CuSuiteNew();
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_allies);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_allies_clone);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_allies_set);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_alliedfaction);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_alliedunit);
     return suite;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/faction.h b/src/kernel/faction.h
index 144961cd8..acf1e5776 100644
--- a/src/kernel/faction.h
+++ b/src/kernel/faction.h
@@ -27,14 +27,15 @@ extern "C" {
 #define FFL_PWMSG         (1<<2)  /* received a "new password" message */
 #define FFL_QUIT          (1<<3)
 #define FFL_CURSED        (1<<4)  /* you're going to have a bad time */
-#define FFL_SELECT        (1<<22) /* ehemals f->dh, u->dh, r->dh, etc... */
-#define FFL_MARK          (1<<23) /* fuer markierende algorithmen, die das
+#define FFL_PAUSED        (1<<5)  /* faction is parked until it receives orders again */
+#define FFL_SELECT        (1<<6)  /* ehemals f->dh, u->dh, r->dh, etc... */
+#define FFL_MARK          (1<<7)  /* fuer markierende algorithmen, die das
                                    * hinterher auch wieder loeschen muessen!
                                    * (FFL_SELECT muss man vorher initialisieren,
                                    * FL_MARK hinterher loeschen) */
 #define FFL_NOIDLEOUT     (1<<24) /* Partei stirbt nicht an NMRs */
 #define FFL_NPC           (1<<25) /* eine Partei mit Monstern */
-#define FFL_SAVEMASK (FFL_NPC|FFL_NOIDLEOUT|FFL_CURSED)
+#define FFL_SAVEMASK (FFL_NPC|FFL_NOIDLEOUT|FFL_CURSED|FFL_PAUSED)
 
     typedef struct origin {
         struct origin *next;
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ extern "C" {
     struct faction *get_or_create_monsters(void);
     void save_special_items(struct unit *u);
 
-#define is_monsters(f) (f->no==MONSTER_ID)
+#define is_monsters(f) ((f)->no==MONSTER_ID)
+#define is_paused(f) ((f)->flags & FFL_PAUSED)
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/src/kernel/unit.c b/src/kernel/unit.c
index 3bdd64862..64ac33396 100644
--- a/src/kernel/unit.c
+++ b/src/kernel/unit.c
@@ -1789,8 +1789,12 @@ bool has_horses(const unit * u)
 #define MAINTENANCE 10
 int maintenance_cost(const struct unit *u)
 {
-    if (u == NULL)
+    if (u == NULL) {
         return MAINTENANCE;
+    }
+    if (is_paused(u->faction)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
     return u_race(u)->maintenance * u->number;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/unit.test.c b/src/kernel/unit.test.c
index e77c51ea2..4c1987806 100644
--- a/src/kernel/unit.test.c
+++ b/src/kernel/unit.test.c
@@ -681,6 +681,24 @@ static void test_get_modifier_cursed(CuTest *tc) {
     test_teardown();
 }
 
+static void test_maintenance_cost(CuTest *tc) {
+    unit *u;
+    race *rc;
+    test_setup();
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 10, maintenance_cost(NULL));
+    u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(), test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 10, maintenance_cost(u));
+    u->number = 4;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 40, maintenance_cost(u));
+    rc = test_create_race("smurf");
+    rc->maintenance = 15;
+    u_setrace(u, rc);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 60, maintenance_cost(u));
+    u->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, maintenance_cost(u));
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
 static void test_gift_items(CuTest *tc) {
     unit *u, *u1, *u2;
     region *r;
@@ -770,5 +788,6 @@ CuSuite *get_unit_suite(void)
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_get_modifier);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_get_modifier_cursed);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_gift_items);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_maintenance_cost);
     return suite;
 }
diff --git a/src/laws.c b/src/laws.c
index 373bbfb62..e921a5530 100644
--- a/src/laws.c
+++ b/src/laws.c
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ void nmr_warnings(void)
     faction *f, *fa;
 #define HELP_NMR (HELP_GUARD|HELP_MONEY)
     for (f = factions; f; f = f->next) {
-        if (!fval(f, FFL_NOIDLEOUT) && turn > f->lastorders) {
+        if (!fval(f, FFL_NOIDLEOUT|FFL_PAUSED) && turn > f->lastorders) {
             ADDMSG(&f->msgs, msg_message("nmr_warning", ""));
             if (turn - f->lastorders == NMRTimeout() - 1) {
                 ADDMSG(&f->msgs, msg_message("nmr_warning_final", ""));
@@ -1188,6 +1188,9 @@ static void do_contact(region * r)
     unit * u;
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
         order *ord;
+
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
         for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
             keyword_t kwd = getkeyword(ord);
             if (kwd == K_CONTACT) {
@@ -1205,6 +1208,11 @@ void do_enter(struct region *r, bool is_final_attempt)
         unit *u = *uptr;
         order **ordp = &u->orders;
 
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) {
+            uptr = &u->next;
+            continue;
+        }
+
         while (*ordp) {
             order *ord = *ordp;
             if (getkeyword(ord) == K_ENTER) {
@@ -1349,7 +1357,7 @@ void quit(void)
     faction **fptr = &factions;
     while (*fptr) {
         faction *f = *fptr;
-        if (f->flags & FFL_QUIT) {
+        if ((f->flags & FFL_QUIT) && !is_paused(f)) {
             destroyfaction(fptr);
         }
         else {
@@ -2939,6 +2947,8 @@ void new_units(void)
         for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
             order **ordp = &u->orders;
 
+            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
             /* this needs to happen very early in the game somewhere. since this is
              ** pretty much the first function called per turn, and I am lazy, I
              ** decree that it goes here */
@@ -3588,20 +3598,23 @@ void add_proc_unit(int priority, void(*process) (unit *), const char *name)
     }
 }
 
-bool long_order_allowed(const unit *u)
+bool long_order_allowed(const unit *u, bool flags_only)
 {
     const region *r = u->region;
+
+    if (is_paused(u->faction)) return false;
     if (fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION)) {
         /* this message was already given in laws.update_long_order
         cmistake(u, ord, 52, MSG_PRODUCE);
         */
         return false;
     }
-    else if (fval(r->terrain, SEA_REGION)
-        && u_race(u) != get_race(RC_AQUARIAN)
-        && !(u_race(u)->flags & RCF_SWIM)) {
-        /* error message disabled by popular demand */
-        return false;
+    if (fval(r->terrain, SEA_REGION) && !(u_race(u)->flags & RCF_SWIM)) {
+        if (flags_only) return false;
+        else if (u_race(u) != get_race(RC_AQUARIAN)) {
+            /* error message disabled by popular demand */
+            return false;
+        }
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -3650,6 +3663,8 @@ void process(void)
                 for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
                     processor *porder, *punit = pregion;
 
+                    if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
                     while (punit && punit->priority == prio && punit->type == PR_UNIT) {
                         punit->data.per_unit.process(u);
                         punit = punit->next;
@@ -3680,7 +3695,7 @@ void process(void)
                                         cmistake(u, ord, 224, MSG_MAGIC);
                                         ord = NULL;
                                     }
-                                    else if (!long_order_allowed(u)) {
+                                    else if (!long_order_allowed(u, false)) {
                                         ord = NULL;
                                     }
                                 }
diff --git a/src/laws.h b/src/laws.h
index 521e28f2b..f165ad6da 100755
--- a/src/laws.h
+++ b/src/laws.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ extern "C" {
     void update_long_order(struct unit *u);
     void sinkships(struct region * r);
     void do_enter(struct region *r, bool is_final_attempt);
-    bool long_order_allowed(const struct unit *u);
+    bool long_order_allowed(const struct unit *u, bool flags_only);
     bool password_wellformed(const char *password);
 
     int locale_cmd(struct unit *u, struct order *ord);
diff --git a/src/laws.test.c b/src/laws.test.c
index cf57224d5..3726bbca0 100644
--- a/src/laws.test.c
+++ b/src/laws.test.c
@@ -1892,9 +1892,12 @@ static void test_long_orders(CuTest *tc) {
 
     test_setup();
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(), test_create_plain(0, 0));
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u, true));
     u->flags |= UFL_LONGACTION;
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, true));
+    u->flags -= UFL_LONGACTION;
+    u->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, true));
     test_teardown();
 }
 
@@ -1905,13 +1908,21 @@ static void test_long_order_on_ocean(CuTest *tc) {
     test_setup();
     rc = test_create_race("pikachu");
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction_ex(rc, NULL), test_create_ocean(0, 0));
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, false));
     rc->flags |= RCF_SWIM;
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u, false));
+    u->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, false));
+    u->faction->flags -= FFL_PAUSED;
 
     rc = test_create_race("aquarian");
     u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction_ex(rc, NULL), u->region);
-    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, long_order_allowed(u, false));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, true));
+    u->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, true));
+    CuAssertTrue(tc, !long_order_allowed(u, false));
+    u->faction->flags -= FFL_PAUSED;
     test_teardown();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/magic.c b/src/magic.c
index 275219ee2..5642db417 100644
--- a/src/magic.c
+++ b/src/magic.c
@@ -2760,7 +2760,7 @@ void magic(void)
                 !is_cursed(u->attribs, &ct_insectfur))
                 continue;
 
-            if (fval(u, UFL_WERE | UFL_LONGACTION)) {
+            if (fval(u, UFL_WERE | UFL_LONGACTION) || is_paused(u->faction)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/src/monsters.c b/src/monsters.c
index 4f69806e8..3fbda5215 100644
--- a/src/monsters.c
+++ b/src/monsters.c
@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ static order *monster_attack(unit * u, const unit * target)
 {
     assert(u->region == target->region);
     assert(u->faction != target->faction);
+    if (is_paused(target->faction)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (!cansee(u->faction, u->region, target, 0)) {
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/src/move.c b/src/move.c
index f5b1b54b5..e420a2fe9 100644
--- a/src/move.c
+++ b/src/move.c
@@ -1184,6 +1184,7 @@ static bool transport(unit * ut, unit * u)
 
 static bool can_move(const unit * u)
 {
+    if (is_paused(u->faction)) return false;
     if (u_race(u)->flags & RCF_CANNOTMOVE)
         return false;
     if (get_movement(&u->attribs, MV_CANNOTMOVE))
@@ -2366,7 +2367,7 @@ static void move_followers(void)
         while (*up != NULL) {
             unit *u = *up;
 
-            if (!fval(u, UFL_MOVED | UFL_NOTMOVING)) {
+            if (!fval(u, UFL_MOVED | UFL_NOTMOVING) && !is_paused(u->faction)) {
                 order *ord;
 
                 for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
@@ -2419,7 +2420,7 @@ static void move_pirates(void)
         while (*up) {
             unit *u = *up;
 
-            if (!fval(u, UFL_NOTMOVING) && getkeyword(u->thisorder) == K_PIRACY) {
+            if (!fval(u, UFL_NOTMOVING) && !is_paused(u->faction) && getkeyword(u->thisorder) == K_PIRACY) {
                 piracy_cmd(u);
                 fset(u, UFL_LONGACTION | UFL_NOTMOVING);
             }
@@ -2450,6 +2451,7 @@ void move_units(void)
         while (*up) {
             unit* u = *up;
             up = &u->next;
+            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
             if (!u->ship || ship_owner(u->ship) != u) {
                 keyword_t kword = getkeyword(u->thisorder);
 
@@ -2503,6 +2505,7 @@ void move_ships(void) {
             unit* u = *up;
             up = &u->next;
 
+            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
             if (u->ship && !fval(u->ship, SF_DRIFTED)) {
                 keyword_t kword = getkeyword(u->thisorder);
 
diff --git a/src/orderfile.c b/src/orderfile.c
index bba2b177b..582d1fc56 100644
--- a/src/orderfile.c
+++ b/src/orderfile.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ static void handle_faction(void *userData, int no, const char *password) {
         if (checkpasswd(f, password)) {
             state->f = f;
             f->lastorders = turn;
+            f->flags &= ~(FFL_PAUSED);
         }
         else {
             log_debug("invalid password for faction %s", itoa36(no));
diff --git a/src/randenc.c b/src/randenc.c
index 56e53832e..0661b17c1 100644
--- a/src/randenc.c
+++ b/src/randenc.c
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@ static void demon_skillchanges(void)
     for (r = regions; r; r = r->next) {
         unit *u;
         for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
+            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
             if (u_race(u) == rc_demon) {
                 demon_skillchange(u);
             }
diff --git a/src/recruit.c b/src/recruit.c
index a48768890..567052611 100644
--- a/src/recruit.c
+++ b/src/recruit.c
@@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ void recruit(region * r)
     for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
         order *ord;
 
+        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;
+
         if ((rules_recruit & RECRUIT_MERGE) || u->number == 0) {
             for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
                 if (getkeyword(ord) == K_RECRUIT) {
diff --git a/src/renumber.c b/src/renumber.c
index 5fb5310e9..500f4edfb 100644
--- a/src/renumber.c
+++ b/src/renumber.c
@@ -36,12 +36,15 @@ void renumber_factions(void)
     } *renum = NULL, *rp;
     faction *f;
     for (f = factions; f; f = f->next) {
-        attrib *a = a_find(f->attribs, &at_number);
+        attrib *a;
         int want;
         struct renum **rn;
 
-        if (!a)
-            continue;
+        if (is_paused(f)) continue;
+
+        a = a_find(f->attribs, &at_number);
+        if (!a) continue;
+
         want = a->data.i;
         if (!faction_id_is_unused(want)) {
             a_remove(&f->attribs, a);
diff --git a/src/sort.c b/src/sort.c
index 17da43563..150f35785 100644
--- a/src/sort.c
+++ b/src/sort.c
@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@
 #include "util/param.h"
 #include "util/parser.h"
 
+void sort_before(unit *v, unit **up) {
+    unit *u = *up;
+    region *r = u->region;
+    unit **vp = &r->units;
+    while (*vp != v)
+        vp = &(*vp)->next;
+    *vp = u;
+    *up = u->next;
+    u->next = v;
+}
+
 void restack_units(void)
 {
     region *r;
@@ -21,7 +32,7 @@ void restack_units(void)
         bool sorted = false;
         while (*up) {
             unit *u = *up;
-            if (!fval(u, UFL_MARK)) {
+            if (!fval(u, UFL_MARK) && !is_paused(u->faction)) {
                 struct order *ord;
                 for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
                     if (getkeyword(ord) == K_SORT) {
@@ -37,7 +48,13 @@ void restack_units(void)
                         id = getid();
                         v = findunit(id);
 
-                        if (!v || v->faction != u->faction || v->region != r) {
+                        if (v == u) {
+                            syntax_error(u, ord);
+                        }
+                        else if (!v || v->region != r) {
+                            cmistake(u, ord, 258, MSG_EVENT);
+                        }
+                        else if (v->faction != u->faction && !is_paused(v->faction)) {
                             cmistake(u, ord, 258, MSG_EVENT);
                         }
                         else if (v->building != u->building || v->ship != u->ship) {
@@ -49,9 +66,6 @@ void restack_units(void)
                         else if (u->ship && ship_owner(u->ship) == u) {
                             cmistake(u, ord, 260, MSG_EVENT);
                         }
-                        else if (v == u) {
-                            syntax_error(u, ord);
-                        }
                         else {
                             switch (p) {
                             case P_AFTER:
@@ -63,18 +77,27 @@ void restack_units(void)
                                 break;
                             case P_BEFORE:
                                 if (v->ship && ship_owner(v->ship) == v) {
-                                    cmistake(v, ord, 261, MSG_EVENT);
+                                    if (is_paused(v->faction)) {
+                                        sort_before(v, up);
+                                        ship_set_owner(u);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        cmistake(v, ord, 261, MSG_EVENT);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
                                 }
                                 else if (v->building && building_owner(v->building) == v) {
-                                    cmistake(v, ord, 261, MSG_EVENT);
+                                    if (is_paused(v->faction)) {
+                                        sort_before(v, up);
+                                        building_set_owner(u);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        cmistake(v, ord, 261, MSG_EVENT);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
                                 }
                                 else {
-                                    unit **vp = &r->units;
-                                    while (*vp != v)
-                                        vp = &(*vp)->next;
-                                    *vp = u;
-                                    *up = u->next;
-                                    u->next = v;
+                                    sort_before(v, up);
                                 }
                                 fset(u, UFL_MARK);
                                 sorted = true;
diff --git a/src/sort.test.c b/src/sort.test.c
index d8e0eadd3..b9d4a144c 100644
--- a/src/sort.test.c
+++ b/src/sort.test.c
@@ -123,12 +123,117 @@ static void test_sort_before_owner(CuTest *tc) {
     test_teardown();
 }
 
+static void test_sort_before_paused_building_owner(CuTest *tc) {
+    unit *u1, *u2;
+    faction *f;
+    region *r;
+    building *b;
+
+    test_setup();
+    u1 = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(), r = test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    f->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    b = test_create_building(r, NULL);
+
+    u2 = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(), r);
+    unit_addorder(u2, create_order(K_SORT, f->locale, "%s %s",
+        LOC(f->locale, parameters[P_BEFORE]), itoa36(u1->no)));
+    u1->building = b;
+    building_update_owner(b);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+
+    /* not in building, nothing happend: */
+    restack_units();
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(f->msgs, "error259"));
+    test_clear_messagelist(&f->msgs);
+
+    /* u1 allows u2 to steal the top spot: */
+    u2->building = b;
+    restack_units();
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, u2->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, building_owner(b));
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, f->msgs);
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
+static void test_sort_before_paused_ship_owner(CuTest *tc) {
+    unit *u1, *u2;
+    faction *f;
+    region *r;
+    ship *sh;
+
+    test_setup();
+    u1 = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(), r = test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    f->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    sh = test_create_ship(r, NULL);
+
+    u2 = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(), r);
+    unit_addorder(u2, create_order(K_SORT, f->locale, "%s %s",
+        LOC(f->locale, parameters[P_BEFORE]), itoa36(u1->no)));
+    u1->ship = sh;
+    ship_update_owner(sh);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+
+    /* not in ship, nothing happend: */
+    restack_units();
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+    CuAssertPtrNotNull(tc, test_find_messagetype(f->msgs, "error259"));
+    test_clear_messagelist(&f->msgs);
+
+    /* u1 allows u2 to steal the top spot: */
+    u2->ship = sh;
+    restack_units();
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, u2->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, ship_owner(sh));
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, f->msgs);
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
+static void test_sort_paused(CuTest *tc) {
+    unit *u1, *u2;
+    faction *f;
+    region *r;
+
+    test_setup();
+    u1 = test_create_unit(f = test_create_faction(), r = test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    u2 = test_create_unit(f, r);
+    unit_addorder(u2, create_order(K_SORT, f->locale, "%s %s",
+        LOC(f->locale, parameters[P_BEFORE]), itoa36(u1->no)));
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+
+    /* paused faction, so nothing happens: */
+    f->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    restack_units();
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u1, r->units);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, u2, u1->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, u2->next);
+    CuAssertPtrEquals(tc, NULL, f->msgs);
+
+    test_teardown();
+}
 
 CuSuite *get_sort_suite(void)
 {
     CuSuite *suite = CuSuiteNew();
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_before_owner);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_before_paused_ship_owner);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_before_paused_building_owner);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_after);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_before);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_sort_paused);
     return suite;
 }
diff --git a/src/upkeep.c b/src/upkeep.c
index d5b5bf8d9..fbd12d7d9 100644
--- a/src/upkeep.c
+++ b/src/upkeep.c
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 
-int lifestyle(const unit * u)
+int lifestyle(const unit *u)
 {
     int need;
     plane *pl;
 
-    if (is_monsters(u->faction))
+    if (is_monsters(u->faction)) {
         return 0;
+    }
 
     need = maintenance_cost(u);
 
diff --git a/src/upkeep.test.c b/src/upkeep.test.c
index 92cc5f71c..7020f2195 100644
--- a/src/upkeep.test.c
+++ b/src/upkeep.test.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <kernel/ally.h>
 #include <kernel/config.h>
 #include <kernel/faction.h>
+#include <kernel/race.h>
 #include <kernel/region.h>
 #include <kernel/unit.h>
 #include <kernel/item.h>
@@ -137,6 +138,25 @@ void test_upkeep_from_friend(CuTest * tc)
     test_teardown();
 }
 
+void test_lifestyle(CuTest *tc)
+{
+    unit *u;
+    race *rc;
+
+    test_setup();
+    u = test_create_unit(test_create_faction(), test_create_plain(0, 0));
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 10, lifestyle(u));
+    u->number = 2;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 20, lifestyle(u));
+    rc = test_create_race("smurf");
+    rc->maintenance = 15;
+    u_setrace(u, rc);
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 30, lifestyle(u));
+    u->faction->flags |= FFL_PAUSED;
+    CuAssertIntEquals(tc, 0, lifestyle(u));
+    test_teardown();
+}
+
 void test_upkeep_free(CuTest * tc)
 {
     region *r;
@@ -168,5 +188,6 @@ CuSuite *get_upkeep_suite(void)
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_upkeep_from_friend);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_upkeep_hunger_damage);
     SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_upkeep_free);
+    SUITE_ADD_TEST(suite, test_lifestyle);
     return suite;
 }